Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer
Non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is a prevalent type of skin cancer that arises from the cells of the skin other than melanocytes. While typically less aggressive than melanoma, NMSC still requires prompt treatment to prevent further spread and complications.
What is Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer?
Non-melanoma skin cancer encompasses several types of skin cancers, most commonly basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). These cancers develop from abnormal growth of cells in the outer layer of the skin, often as a result of prolonged sun exposure or other factors such as genetic predisposition or immunosuppression.
Why is Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer Surgery Recommended?
Surgery is the primary treatment modality for NMSC, aiming to completely remove cancerous lesions while preserving as much healthy tissue as possible. Surgery is recommended for several reasons, including:
Complete removal: Surgical excision ensures complete removal of cancerous cells, reducing the risk of recurrence and further spread.
Pathological assessment: The excised tissue is examined under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis, determine the cancer stage, and assess margins to ensure adequate removal.
Cosmetic outcome: Surgery aims to achieve optimal cosmetic results, minimising scarring and preserving the skin's function and appearance.
Before the Operation
Before undergoing NMSC surgery, patients will have consultations with their dermatologist or surgeon to discuss the procedure, potential risks, and expected outcomes. Preoperative evaluations may include physical examination, imaging tests such as dermoscopy or biopsy to confirm the diagnosis, and blood tests to assess overall health and suitability for surgery.
The Operation
NMSC surgery involves the surgical removal of cancerous lesions and a margin of surrounding healthy tissue to ensure complete excision. Common surgical techniques include:
Excisional Surgery: The cancerous lesion is surgically removed along with a margin of normal skin to ensure complete removal.
The duration of NMSC surgery depends on factors such as the lesion size, location, and chosen surgical approach. Excisional surgery typically takes 30 minutes to 1 hour,
Risks and Complications
While NMSC surgery is generally safe, it carries risks like any surgical procedure. Potential complications may include bleeding, infection, wound healing problems, nerve damage, scarring, and recurrence of the cancer. However, these risks are relatively low, and most patients recover without major issues.
After the Operation
After NMSC surgery, patients may experience some discomfort, swelling, or bruising at the surgical site. Pain relief medication will be provided as needed. Patients will receive instructions on wound care, activity restrictions, and follow-up appointments to monitor their recovery progress and assess the surgical site for any signs of infection or complications.
Expected Recovery Time and Results
Recovery time after NMSC surgery varies depending on factors such as the surgical technique used, the extent of the procedure, and the individual's overall health. Most patients can resume normal activities within a few days to weeks, although strenuous exercise and sun exposure should be avoided during the healing process. Results from the surgery, including pathology results and assessment of margins, are typically available within a few days to weeks after the procedure, allowing healthcare providers to determine the next steps in the treatment plan. Regular follow-up appointments with the dermatologist or surgeon will be scheduled to monitor for any signs of recurrence and ensure optimal recovery.
