Sentinel Node Biopsy
Sentinel Node Biopsy (SNB) plays a crucial role in the management of breast cancer, offering valuable information about cancer spread while minimising the risk of complications associated with more extensive lymph node surgery.
What is Sentinel Node Biopsy?
Sentinel Node Biopsy is a surgical procedure performed to identify and remove the sentinel lymph nodes, which are the first lymph nodes that cancer cells are likely to spread to from the primary tumour in the breast. These nodes are then examined under a microscope to determine whether cancer cells are present, helping to stage the cancer and guide further treatment decisions.
Why is Sentinel Node Biopsy Recommended?
SNB is recommended for individuals with early-stage breast cancer to assess whether cancer has spread to the lymph nodes, which is crucial for determining the stage of the disease and planning appropriate treatment. By targeting only the sentinel nodes, SNB minimises the risk of complications such as lymphedema compared to more extensive lymph node surgery.
Before the Operation
Before undergoing SNB, patients will have consultations with their healthcare team to discuss the procedure and address any concerns. Preoperative imaging tests such as lymphoscintigraphy are performed to identify the sentinel nodes. Patients may also receive instructions on fasting before the operation and any medications they need to adjust.
The Operation
Sentinel Node Biopsy is typically performed under general anesthesia. During the procedure, the surgeon injects a blue dye near the tumour site to locate the sentinel nodes. Using a gamma probe or visual inspection, the surgeon then identifies and removes the sentinel nodes for examination. The operation usually takes around 15-30 minutes to complete.This procedure is routinely done in conjunction with removal of the cancer from the breast.
After the Operation
Following SNB, patients may experience mild discomfort, swelling, or bruising in the underarm area. Pain relief medication will be provided as needed. Patients will receive instructions on wound care, activity restrictions, and follow-up appointments.
Risks and complications
Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) is generally considered safe, as it’s a minimally invasive procedure. Risks are minor, and include a small chance of infection, bleeding, lymphedema (swelling of the arm), nerve injury, and allergic reactions to the dye or tracer used. Again, these risks are relatively low, and SNB is preferred over more extensive lymph node surgery due to its reduced morbidity.
Expected Recovery Time and Results
Recovery time after SNB is relatively short, with most patients able to resume normal activities within a few days. Patients will typically receive the results of the biopsy within 1 to 2 weeks. This allows time for the sentinel nodes to be examined under a microscope to determine whether cancer cells are present.
While Sentinel Node Biopsy (SNB) is generally considered safe, like any surgical procedure, it carries a risk of potential complications and side effects, although these are uncommon.
